Upward and outward movement of the eyeball on attempted voluntary lid closure is called Bell’s phenomenon, as named by Charles Bell. This is a common clinical finding in 75% of normal individuals. The ...

To assess the effect of hyaluronidase on eye and eyelid movements when used as an adjunct in sub-Tenon's anaesthesia. A total of 60 patients who had sub-Tenon's anaesthesia prior to ...

Levator maldevelopment (dysmyogenic) ptosis is the most common type of ptosis seen in childhood and is caused by primary dystrophy of the levator muscle. Mueller's superior tarsal muscle is normal.

Forty-five eyelids of 43 consecutive patients (16 female, 27 males) that underwent levator resection surgery for ptosis correction were included in the study. Twenty-six of the eyelids had congenital ...

Aponeurotic ptosis is the most common type of ptosis, in which the levator aponeurosis disinserts or dehisces from the tarsus and results in ptosis. Because the levator muscle is not affected, levator ...

A 73-year-old woman presented with progressive ptosis of both upper eyelids. She first noted ptosis in her late 40s and had ptosis surgery in 2003, which subsequently failed. Her second surgery was ...