Optical systems employ a rich array of physical effects which are described by well-understood equations. However, for all but the simplest devices these equations are typically too complex to permit ...

Maxwell's equations form the cornerstone of electromagnetic theory, offering a complete description of how electric and magnetic fields interact with matter. In combination with state‐of‐the‐art ...

Fourier analysis and numerical methods have long played a pivotal role in the solution of differential equations across science and engineering. By decomposing complex functions into sums of ...